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The cover photo shows a bathing beach in Brighton, England, circa 1890.
In the days before transportation, travel was the privilege of the aristocracy, gentry class, landowners, and wealthy city merchants.
For the wealthy, mobility and travel were an integral part of life. In England, aristocrats and gentry with territories throughout the country traveled from place to place, inviting each other to balls and other events.
Travel was their "job" to strengthen the cohesiveness of aristocratic society, to make connections with influential people, and to find marriage partners.
Resorts were developed as places for these aristocrats to socialize. However, with the development of railroads and other transportation systems, resorts were opened to the public.
Brighton was a coastal resort for aristocrats.
Brighton was a coastal resort for aristocrats, but in 1841, the London-Brighton railroad opened, reducing the travel time between the two cities to two hours. The railway also brought down the cost of travel, and Brighton began to attract a flood of tourists.
Margate was served by regular boats that carried holidaymakers down the River Thames in the 18th century, and steamers were in service around 1820. Margate was very popular because of this convenient access.
As the common people began to congregate in holiday resorts, the British upper classes, who did not want to popularize resorts, developed secluded resorts far from large cities such as Cornwall. They also visited continental resorts across the sea, such as Nice and Cannes in France and San Remo in Italy.
It flourished as a winter resort.
City dwellers were often so conscious of being seen by others when they went to holiday destinations that they dressed in neat formal attire, as if they were going to a party. Photos and paintings reveal more tension than a casual, relaxed atmosphere.
It seems that vacations were also like bragging contests to show off their happiness and wealth.
