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Nitrogen, an element with the chemical formula N, is essential for plant growth and for building proteins. Plants absorb nitrogen as a nutrient in the form of compounds such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonia (NH3).
Nitrate and ammonia absorbed through the roots are broken down in the plant to nitrogen, which is used to make protein. Normally, the concentration of nitrate in plants is not high, but if there is too much nitrogen in the soil and the plants absorb more nitrate than necessary, or if the absorbed nitrate is not used for protein synthesis, a large amount of nitrate will remain in the plants.
In particular, livestock manure and livestock crops that use large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers can accumulate large amounts of nitrate. When cattle and other ruminants eat plants that contain high levels of nitrates, they become poisoned and die from suffocation. This is called "nitrate poisoning," or "pocketing disease," and it still occurs today because of the sudden death of livestock. (For humans, nitrate poisoning is not as poisonous as it is for cattle, but there have been deaths from nitrate poisoning.)
As mentioned earlier, plants absorb nitrogen as nutrients in the form of compounds such as nitrate (NO3-) and ammonia (NH3). Nitrate and ammonia are produced by animal manure itself or when manure is decomposed by microorganisms. If livestock manure is piled up and left to accumulate, or if it is dug into the ground and stored, the soil there becomes overnourished (nitrogen overload). It is well known that human urine contains ammonia, and as mentioned above, ammonia contains nitrogen, which is a nutrient for plants. In the past, in some areas, human manure was spread on fields to fertilize the soil in the fields, and this is one reason. The grass that grows in the area where livestock manure is piled up grows very well due to the excess nitrogen, and it is dark green and grows twice as long as normal. There have been cases of cows eating this grass and dying from nitrate poisoning.
Another environmental problem today is that nitrates seep into the ground and cause an excess of nitrogen in groundwater. The saying, "You can never have too little or too much of anything," applies to nitrogen as well.
