From Ivory to Plastic: The Evolution of Materials and their Societal Impact
Photo: เอกลักษณ์ มะลิซ้อน on Pixabay

From Ivory to Plastic: The Evolution of Materials and their Societal Impact

July 15, 2023

Ivory is the tusk of an elephant. Because of its beautiful cream color and ease of processing, it is a popular material for decorative items. Ivory has also been processed into seals, shamisen (three-stringed Japanese musical instrument), and white piano keys.

During the period of rapid economic growth, Japan became a major importer of ivory, which is traded at a high price, because of the increase in the number of well-paid businessmen. Japan's seal culture also contributed to imports. Ivory is said to be a high-grade material for seals because it easily soaks up red ink. As the demand for ivory increased, elephants were overhunted in Africa and other parts of the world, resulting in a decrease in their population, which became a global problem. International ivory trade has been illegal since the Washington Convention of 1989.

In 1996, celluloid was developed as an alternative to ivory. Celluloid is a type of plastic made from natural raw materials. In the first half of the 20th century, celluloid was widely used for household goods, but it was also a highly flammable and dangerous material.

Ignition caused by the self-reactivity of the material was often the cause of fires in celluloid factories. Early films (until the 1950s) were recorded on celluloid-based film, and accidents occurred in movie theaters when celluloid film ignited due to the high temperatures and friction of arc lights and bulbs used for film lighting. The properties of celluloid, which is flammable and the film itself easily deteriorates, pose a challenge for the long-term archiving of works in film storage facilities that are based on the storage of original film.

-- wikipedeia

Today, celluloid is rarely produced due to the development of non-flammable plastics made from man-made raw materials. Ivory, on the other hand, continues to be smuggled today.

In Africa, there have been incidents of elephants coming into contact with people and killing them, and elephants sometimes destroy crops, so the local people seem to be in favor of killing elephants. The situation is complicated. Also, it is said that a large percentage of today's elephants have no ivory or short tusks. It is said that this is the result of elephants that were not killed by humans who wanted their ivory and can left their offspring behind. This is also evolution, though.

References

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