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I Phylloxera, a grape pest native to the United States, was brought to Europe by ship in the 19th century and devastated the European wine industry.For more information, please see this article.
European grape farmers tried various methods, including the use of chemicals, to combat phylloxera. Most methods were ineffective, but there was only one that worked very well. That is grafting. Grafting is the process of cutting two different types of trees and forcing the top and bottom halves of the tree to fit together at the cut surface. Grafting sometimes results in the death of the tree connected to the top, but many trees grow properly without dying.
When grafting, the tree connected to the upper half of the tree may die, but most trees grow properly without dying.The method of grafting for phylloxera control was to graft European grapevines to the roots of grapevines of North American origin that are resistant to phylloxera.Since phylloxera is a parasite of the vine's roots, the strategy was to limit damage to the roots by using grapes of North American origin that were resistant to phylloxera.This method worked, and the vineyards managed to recover.
However, because of grafting, few of the grape varieties that existed before phylloxera remain in Europe.And surprisingly, most of the wine grape vines in Europe today are still grafted to protect against phylloxera.Of course, there were those who said, "Grafting makes the wine taste bad!" Of course, there were opinions such as, "Grafting ruins the taste of the wine! But we had no choice. Without phylloxera, the taste of European wines might have been slightly different from what it is today.
So, you may ask, "Can we no longer drink wine made from pre-Phyloxera European grapes? Yes, you can. And you can buy it in most convenience stores and supermarkets. Chile brought in grape seedlings before phylloxera hit Europe and made wine from European grapevines. Miraculously, it was not affected by phylloxera.
This is because it is an isolated land, surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Andes Mountains to the east, which makes it difficult for phylloxera to fly in (it is also a very blessed land with a dry climate that makes other grape diseases less likely to occur). In Chile, we are able to make wine from grapes of European origin, which have been lost in Europe. Moreover, since grafting is not required, it is less labor intensive and less expensive.
In Chile, we are able to make wine from grapes of European origin, which have been lost in Europe. Moreover, since grafting is not required, it is less labor intensive and less expensive. Besides Chile, Argentina and Australia's Barossa Valley are also making wine from grapes of European origin that have not been damaged by phylloxera.I used to drink Chilean wine because it was "cheap and tasty. I used to drink Chilean wine because it was cheap and tasty, but after learning this fact, I have come to like Chilean wine even more.I hope you will enjoy Chilean wine, too!
